Oklahoma State Statute Code
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Section 1005
Incorporators - How Corporation Formed - Purposes
- Any person, partnership, association or corporation, singly or jointly with others, and without regard to his or their residence, domicile or state of incorporation, may incorporate or organize a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Oklahoma General Corporation Act by filing with the Secretary of State a certificate of incorporation which shall be executed, acknowledged and filed in accordance with the provisions of Section 7 of this act; provided, however, at least three (3) persons, partnerships, associations, or corporations, or any combination thereof, shall be required to incorporate as a not for profit corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Oklahoma General Corporation Act.
- A corporation may be incorporated or organized pursuant to the provisions of the Oklahoma General Corporation Act to conduct or promote any lawful business or purposes, except as may otherwise be provided by the Constitution or other law of this state.
- Corporations for constructing, maintaining and operating public utilities, whether in or outside of this state, may be organized pursuant to the provisions of the Oklahoma General Corporation Act, but corporations for constructing, maintaining and operating public utilities within this state shall be subject to, in addition to the provisions of the Oklahoma General Corporation Act, the special provisions and requirements of Title 17 of the Oklahoma Statutes applicable to such corporations.
Section 1013
Bylaws
- The original or other bylaws of a corporation may be adopted, amended or repealed by the incorporators, by the initial directors if they were named in the certificate of incorporation, or, before a corporation has received any payment for any of its stock, by its board of directors. After a corporation has received any payment for any of its stock, except as otherwise provided in its certificate of incorporation, the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws shall be in the board of directors, or, in the case of a nonstock corporation, in its governing body.
- The bylaws may contain any provision, not inconsistent with law or with the certificate of incorporation, relating to the business of the corporation, the conduct of its affairs, and its rights or powers or the rights or powers of its shareholders, directors, officers or employees.
Section 1027
Board of Directors - Powers - Number - Qualifications - Terms and Quorum - Committees - Classes of Directors - Not for Profit Corporations - Reliance Upon Books - Action
- The business and affairs of every corporation organized in accordance with the provisions of the Oklahoma General Corporation Act shall be managed by or under the direction of a board of directors, except as may be otherwise provided for in this act or in the corporation's certificate of incorporation. If any provision is made in the certificate of incorporation, the powers and duties conferred or imposed upon the board of directors by the provisions of this act shall be exercised or performed to the extent and by the person or persons stated in the certificate of incorporation.
- The board of directors of a corporation shall consist of one or more members, each of whom shall be a natural person. The number of directors shall be fixed by or in the manner provided for in the bylaws, unless the certificate of incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number of directors shall be made only by amendment of the certificate. Directors need not be shareholders unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws. The certificate of incorporation or bylaws may prescribe other qualifications for directors. Each director shall hold office until a successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the corporation. A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business unless the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws require a greater number. Except as provided in subsection G of this section, neither the certificate of incorporation nor the bylaws may provide that a quorum may be less than one-third (1/3) of the total number of directors. The vote of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors unless the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws shall require a vote of a greater number.
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- The board of directors may designate one or more committees consisting of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. The bylaws may provide that in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at a meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not the member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of directors, or in the bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no committee shall have the power or authority to:
- approve, adopt, or recommend to the shareholders any action or matter expressly required by this act to be submitted to shareholders for approval, or
- adopt, amend, or repeal any bylaw of the corporation.
- Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, the bylaws or the resolution of the board of directors designating the committee, a committee may create one or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee.
- The board of directors may designate one or more committees consisting of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. The bylaws may provide that in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at a meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not the member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of directors, or in the bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no committee shall have the power or authority to:
- The directors of any corporation organized in accordance with the provisions of this act, by the certificate of incorporation or by an initial bylaw, or by a bylaw adopted by the board of directors and approved by a vote of the shareholders, may be divided into one, two, or three classes; the term of office of those of the first class to expire at the annual meeting next ensuing; of the second class one (1) year thereafter; of the third class two (2) years thereafter; and at each annual election held after classification and election, directors shall be chosen for a full term, as the case may be, to succeed those whose terms expire. The certificate of incorporation may confer upon holders of any class or series of stock the right to elect one or more directors who shall serve for the term, and have voting powers as shall be stated in the certificate of incorporation. The terms of office and voting powers of the directors elected in the manner so provided in the certificate of incorporation may be greater than or less than those of any other director or class of directors. If the certificate of incorporation provides that directors elected by the holders of a class or series of stock shall have more or less than one vote per director on any matter, every reference in this act to a majority or other proportion of directors shall refer to a majority or other proportion of the votes of the directors.
- A member of the board of directors, or a member of any committee designated by the board of directors, in the performance of the member's duties, shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the corporation and upon information, opinions, reports, or statements presented to the corporation by any of the corporation's officers or employees, or committees of the board of directors, or by any other person as to matters the member reasonably believes are within the officer's, employee's, committee's or other person's competence and who have been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the corporation.
- Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or bylaws:
- Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors, or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee; and the filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form;
- The board of directors of any corporation organized in accordance with the provisions of this act may hold its meetings, and have an office or offices, outside of this state;
- The board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors; and
- Members of the board of directors of any corporation, or any committee designated by the board, may participate in a meeting of the board or committee by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear or otherwise communicate with each other. Participation in a meeting pursuant to the provisions of this subsection shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
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- The certificate of incorporation of any corporation organized in accordance with the provisions of this act which is not authorized to issue capital stock may provide that less than one-third (1/3) of the members of the governing body may constitute a quorum thereof and may otherwise provide that the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed in a manner different from that provided for in this section.
- Except as may be otherwise provided by the certificate of incorporation, the provisions of this section shall apply to such a corporation, and when so applied, all references to the board of directors, to members thereof, and to shareholders shall be deemed to refer to the governing body of the corporation, the members thereof and the members of the corporation, respectively.
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- Any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except as follows:
- unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides, in the case of a corporation whose board is classified as provided for in subsection D of this section, shareholders may effect such removal only for cause, or
- in the case of a corporation having cumulative voting, if less than the entire board is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against the director's removal would be sufficient to elect the director if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board of directors, or, if there are classes of directors, at an election of the class of directors of which the director is a part.
- Whenever the holders of any class or series are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, the provisions of this subsection shall apply, in respect to the removal without cause of a director or directors so elected, to the vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or series and not to the vote of the outstanding shares as a whole.
- Any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except as follows:
- A corporation may agree to submit a matter to a vote of its shareholders regardless of whether the board of directors determines at any time subsequent to approving the matter that the matter is no longer advisable and recommends that the shareholders reject or vote against the matter.
Section 1032
Classes and Series of Stock - Rights, etc.
- Every corporation may issue one or more classes of stock or one or more series of stock within any class thereof, any or all of which classes may be of stock with par value or stock without par value and which classes or series may have voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the certificate of incorporation or of any amendment thereto, or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the stock adopted by the board of directors pursuant to authority expressly vested in it by the provisions of its certificate of incorporation. Any of the voting powers, designations, preferences, rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions of any such class or series of stock may be made dependent upon facts ascertainable outside the certificate of incorporation or of any amendment thereto, or outside the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the stock adopted by the board of directors pursuant to authority expressly vested in it by the provisions of its certificate of incorporation, provided that the manner in which the facts shall operate upon the voting powers, designations, preferences, rights and qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of the class or series of stock is clearly and expressly set forth in the certificate of incorporation or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the stock adopted by the board of directors. The power to increase or decrease or otherwise adjust the capital stock as provided for in the Oklahoma General Corporation Act shall apply to all or any such classes of stock. The term "facts", as used in this subsection includes, but is not limited to the occurrence of any event, including a determination or action by any person or body, including the corporation.
- Any stock of any class or series may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of the stock or upon the happening of a specified event; provided however, immediately following any redemption, the corporation shall have outstanding one or more shares or one or more classes or series of stock, which share, or shares together, shall have full voting powers. Notwithstanding the limitation stated in the foregoing proviso:
- Any stock of a regulated investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as heretofore or hereafter amended, may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of the stock.
- Any stock of a corporation which directly or indirectly holds a license or franchise from a governmental agency to conduct its business or is a member of a national securities exchange, which license, franchise, or membership is conditioned upon some or all of the holders of its stock possessing prescribed qualifications, may be made subject to redemption by the corporation to the extent necessary to prevent the loss of the license, franchise, or membership or to reinstate it. Any stock which may be made redeemable under this section may be redeemed for cash, property, or rights, including securities of the same or another corporation, at such time or times, price or prices, or rate or rates, and with any adjustments, as shall be stated in the certificate of incorporation or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the stock adopted by the board of directors as provided for in subsection A of this section.
- The holders of preferred or special stock of any class or of any series thereof shall be entitled to receive dividends at such rates, conditions, and times as shall be stated in the certificate of incorporation or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the stock adopted by the board of directors as provided for in subsection A of this section, payable in preference to, or in such relation to, the dividends payable on any other class or classes or of any other series of stock, and cumulative or noncumulative as shall be so stated and expressed. When dividends upon the preferred and special stocks, if any, to the extent of the preference to which the stocks are entitled, shall have been paid or declared and set apart for payment, a dividend on the remaining class or classes or series of stock may then be paid out of the remaining assets of the corporation available for dividends as otherwise provided for in the Oklahoma General Corporation Act.
- The holders of the preferred or special stock of any class or of any series thereof shall be entitled to the rights upon the dissolution of, or upon any distribution of the assets of, the corporation as shall be stated in the certificate of incorporation or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the stock adopted by the board of directors as provided for in subsection A of this section.
- Any stock of any class or of any series thereof may be made convertible into, or exchangeable for, at the option of either the holder or the corporation or upon the happening of a specified event, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the corporation, at the price or prices or at such rate or rates of exchange and with the adjustments as shall be stated in the certificate of incorporation or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the stock adopted by the board of directors as provided for in subsection A of this section.
- If any corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent the class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided for in Section 1055 of this title, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent the class or series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each shareholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this section or Section 1037, subsection A of Section 1055 or subsection A of Section 1063 of this title, or with respect to this section a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each shareholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the preferences or rights. Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated stock and the rights and obligations of the holder of certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be identical.
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- When any corporation desires to issue any shares of stock of any class or of any series of any class of which the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional, or other rights, if any, or the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, shall not have been set forth in the certificate of incorporation or in any amendment thereto but shall be provided for in a resolution or resolutions adopted by the board of directors pursuant to authority expressly vested in it by the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or any amendment thereto, a certificate of designations setting forth a copy of the resolution or resolutions and the number of shares of stock of the class or series as to which the resolution or resolutions apply shall be executed, acknowledged, and filed, and shall become effective, in accordance with the provisions of Section 1007 of this title. Unless otherwise provided in any resolution or resolutions, the number of shares of stock of any series to which the resolution or resolutions apply may be increased, but not above the total number of authorized shares of the class, or decreased, but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding, by a certificate likewise executed, acknowledged and filed setting forth a statement that a specified increase or decrease therein had been authorized and directed by a resolution or resolutions likewise adopted by the board of directors. In case the number of the shares shall be decreased, the number of shares so specified in the certificate shall resume the status which they had prior to the adoption of the first resolution or resolutions. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, if no shares of stock have been issued of a class or series of stock established by a resolution of the board of directors, the voting powers, designations, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights, if any, or the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, may be amended by a resolution or resolutions adopted by the board of directors. A certificate which states that no shares of the class or series have been issued, sets forth a copy of the resolution or resolutions, and, if the designation of the class or series is being changed, indicates the original designation and the new designation, shall be executed, acknowledged and filed, and shall become effective, in accordance with the provisions of Section 1007 of this title. When no shares of any class or series are outstanding, either because none were issued or because no issued shares of any class or series remain outstanding, a certificate setting forth a resolution or resolutions adopted by the board of directors that none of the authorized shares of class or series are outstanding, and that none will be issued subject to the certificate of designations previously filed with respect to the class or series, may be executed, acknowledged and filed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1007 of this title and, when the certificate becomes effective, it shall have the effect of eliminating from the certificate of incorporation all matters set forth in the certificate of designations with respect to the class or series of stock.
- When any certificate filed pursuant to the provisions of this subsection becomes effective, it shall have the effect of amending the certificate of incorporation; except that neither the filing of the certificate nor the filing of a restated certificate of incorporation pursuant to Section 1080 of this title shall prohibit the board of directors from subsequently adopting such resolutions as authorized by this subsection.
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LLC
Section 2012.2
Operating Agreement of Limited Liability Company
- The operating agreement of the limited liability company governs generally:
- Relations among the members as members and between the members and the limited liability company;
- The rights and duties under this act of a person in the capacity of manager;
- The activities of the company and the conduct of those activities; and
- The means and conditions for amending the operating agreement.
- A limited liability company is bound by its operating agreement regardless of whether it executes the operating agreement. A member or manager of a limited liability company or an assignee of a membership interest is bound by the operating agreement regardless of whether the member, manager or assignee executes the operating agreement.
- An operating agreement of a limited liability company having only one member is not unenforceable because there is only one person who is a party to the operating agreement.
- The obligations of a limited liability company and its members to an assignee or dissociated member are governed by the operating agreement. Subject only to any court order to effectuate a charging order, an amendment to the operating agreement made after a person becomes an assignee or dissociated member is effective with regard to any debt, obligation, or other liability of the limited liability company or its members to the assignee or dissociated member.
Section 2022
Liability of Member or Manager
A person who is a member or manager, or both, of a limited liability company is not liable for the obligations of a limited liability company solely by reason of being such member or manager or both.
Section 2013
Management - Qualifications - Number of Managers
- Except as otherwise provided in the articles of organization, operating agreement, or this act, a limited liability company shall be managed by or under the authority of one or more managers who may but need not be members.
- The articles of organization or operating agreement may prescribe qualifications for managers.
- The number of managers shall be specified in or fixed in accordance with the articles of organization or operating agreement.
- The articles of organization or operating agreement of a limited liability company may authorize the manager or managers of the limited liability company to adopt, amend, and repeal bylaws, or regulations, not inconsistent with the articles of organization and the operating agreement, to govern the affairs of the limited liability company. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of organization, operating agreement or enabling resolutions, bylaws, or regulations from the managers shall be considered a part of the operating agreement.